Suffix | Meanings | Sample Words and Definitions |
-able | able to be | excitable, portable, preventable |
-ac | pertaining to | cardiac, hemophiliac, maniac |
-acity (-ocity) | quality of | perspicacity, sagacity, velocity |
-ade | act, action or process, product | blockade, cavalcade, promenade, |
-age | action or process | passage, pilgrimage, voyage |
-aholic (-oholic) | one with an obsession for | workaholic, shopaholic, alcoholic |
-al | relating to | bacterial, theatrical, natural |
-algia | pain | neuralgia, nostalgia, |
-an (-ian) | relating to, belonging to | Italian, urban, African |
-ance | state or quality of | brilliance, defiance, annoyance |
-ant | a person who | applicant, immigrant, servant |
inclined to, tending to | brilliant, defiant, vigilant | |
-ar | of or relating to, being | lunar, molecular, solar |
a person who | beggar, burglar, liar | |
-ard | a person who does an action | coward, sluggard, wizard |
-arian | a person who | disciplinarian, vegetarian, librarian |
-arium (orium) | a place for | terrarium, aquarium, solarium |
-ary | of or relating to | literary, military, budgetary |
-ate | state or quality of (adj.) | affectionate, desolate, obstinate |
makes the word a verb (different pronunciation) | activate, evaporate, medicate | |
-ation | action or process | creation, narration, emancipation |
-ative | tending to (adj.) | creative, preservative, talkative |
-cide | act of killing | homicide, suicide, genocide |
-cracy | rule, government, power | bureaucracy, aristocracy, theocracy |
-crat | someone who has power | aristocrat, bureaucrat, technocrat |
-cule | diminutive (making something small) | molecule, ridicule, |
-cy | state, condition or quality | efficiency, privacy, belligerency |
-cycle | circle, wheel | bicycle, recycle, tricycle |
-dom | condition of, state, realm | boredom, freedom, wisdom |
-dox | belief, praise | orthodox, paradox |
-ectomy | surgical removal of | appendectomy, hysterectomy |
-ed | past tense | called, hammered, laughed |
-ee | receiver, performer | nominee, employee, devotee |
-eer | associated with/engaged in | engineer, volunteer |
-emia | blood condition | anemia, hypoglycemia, leukemia |
-en | makes the word a verb | awaken, fasten, strengthen |
-ence | state or condition, action | absence, dependence, negligence |
-ency | condition or quality | clemency, dependency, efficiency |
-ent | inclined to performing/causing, or one who performs/causes | competent, correspondent, absorbent |
-er | more | bigger, faster, happier |
action or process | flutter, ponder, stutter | |
a person who does an action | announcer, barber, teacher | |
-ern | state or quality of | eastern, northern, western |
-escence | state or process | adolescence, convalescence |
-ese | relating to a place | Chinese, Congolese, Vietnamese |
-esque | in the style of | Kafkaesque, grotesque, burlesque |
-ess | female | actress, heiress, lioness |
-est | most | funniest, hottest, silliest |
-etic | relating to (makes the word an adj.) | athletic, energetic, poetic |
-ette | diminutive (makes something smaller) | cigarette, diskette, kitchenette |
-ful | full of | helpful, thankful, cheerful |
-fy | make, cause (makes the word a verb) | amplify, falsify, terrify |
-gam/gamy | marriage, union | monogam, polygamy |
-gon/gonic | angle | hexagon, polygonic, pentagon |
-hood | state, condition, or quality | childhood, neighborhood, motherhood |
-ial | relating to | celestial, editorial, martial |
-ian | relating to | Martian, utopian, pediatrician |
-iasis | diseased condition | elephantiasis, psoriasis |
-iatric | healing practice | pediatric, psychiatric, |
-ible | able to be | audible, plausible, legible |
-ic/ical | relating to, characterized by | analytic/al, comic/al, organic |
-ile | relating to, capable of | agile, docile, volatile |
-ily | in what manner | sloppily, steadily, zanily |
-ine | relating to | canine, feminine, masculine |
-ing | materials | bedding, frosting, roofing |
action or process | dancing, seeing, writing | |
-ion | action or process | celebration, completion, navigation |
-ious | having the qualities of, full of | ambitious, cautious, gracious |
-ish | relating to, characteristic | apish, brutish, childish |
-ism | state or quality | altruism, despotism, heroism |
-ist | a person, one who does an action | artist, linguist, pianist |
-ite | resident of, follower, product of | suburbanite, luddite, dynamite |
-itis | inflammation, preoccupation | appendicitis, tonsillitis, frontrunneritis |
-ity | state, condition, or quality | abnormality, civility, necessity |
-ive | inclined to; quality of; that which | attractive, expensive, repulsive |
-ization | act or process of making | colonization, fertilization, modernization |
-ize | cause, treat, become | antagonize, authorize, popularize |
-less | without | fearless, helpless, homeless |
-let | version of | booklet, droplet, inlet |
-like | resembling, characteristic | childlike, homelike, lifelike |
-ling | younger or inferior | duckling, underling |
-loger/logist | one who does | astrologer, cardiologist, chronologer |
-log | speech | dialog, monolog, |
-ly | in what manner | badly, courageously, happily |
-ment | action, result | movement, placement, shipment |
-ness | state or quality (makes a noun) | kindness, shyness, weakness |
-oid | resembling | humanoid, tabloid, hemorrhoid |
-ology | study of, science of | anthropology, archaeology, biology |
-oma | tumor, swelling | carcinoma, osteoma, hematoma |
-onym | name, word | synonym, antonym, homonym |
-opia | eye defect | myopia, nyctalopia, hyperopia |
-opsy | examination | biopsy, autopsy, necropsy |
-or | a person who | inventor, legislator, translator |
-ory | relating to | armory, dormitory, laboratory |
-osis | process, diseased condition | diagnosis, prognosis, neurosis, psychosis |
-ostomy/otomy | surgical | colostomy, lobotomy, craniotomy |
-ous | full of | hazardous, humorous, wondrous |
-path | one who engages in | homeopath, naturopath, psychopath |
-pathy | feeling, diseased | sympathy, apathy, neuropathy |
-phile | one who loves | bibliophile, audiophile, pyrophile |
-phobia | abnormal fear of | acrophobia, claustrophobia, xenophobia |
-phone | sound | homophone, telephone, microphone |
-phyte | plant, to grow | zoophyte, cryptophyte, epiphyte |
-plegia | paralysis | paraplegia, quadriplegia, hemiplegia |
-plegic | one who is paralyzed | paraplegic, technoplegic, quadriplegic |
-pnea | air, spirit | apnea, hyperpnea, orthopnea |
-scopy/scope | visual exam | arthroscopy, gastroscopy, microscope |
-scribe/script | to write | transcript, describe, manuscript |
-sect | to cut | dissect, insect, bisect |
-ship | state or condition of, skill of | authorship, citizenship, friendship |
-sion | state or quality | confusion, depression, tension |
-some | characterized by, group of | cumbersome, quarrelsome, foursome |
-sophy/sophic | wisdom, knowledge | philosophy, theosophy, anthroposophic |
-th | state or quality | depth, length, strength |
-tion | state or quality | attention, caution, fascination |
-tome/tomy | to cut | hysterectomy, epitome, tonsillotome |
-trophy | nourishment, growth | atrophy, hypertrophy, dystrophy |
-tude | state, condition or quality | fortitude, gratitude, magnitude |
-ty | state, condition or quality | ability, honesty, loyalty |
-ular | relating to or resembling | cellular, circular, muscular |
-uous | state or quality of | arduous, tumultuous, virtuous |
-ure | action, condition | closure, erasure, failure |
-ward | specifies direction | backward, eastward, homeward |
-ware | things of the same type or material | hardware, software, kitchenware |
-wise | in what manner or direction | clockwise, lengthwise, otherwise |
–y | made up of, characterized | brainy, fruity, gooey |